Form factors refer to the physical dimensions and layout of a device, such as a computer, phone, or gaming console. It includes the size, shape, and arrangement of components within the device. Different form factors are designed for specific purposes, such as portability, performance, or efficiency. Some common form factors include ATX, mini-ITX, micro-ATX, and PCIe. Researchers in this area focus on optimizing form factors to improve functionality, aesthetics, and user experience of electronic devices. They may also investigate new materials and manufacturing techniques to create innovative form factors that meet the evolving needs of consumers.